David Ho | April 19, 2018
They’re both called ‘olive ball’ here in China. But what are the differences between rugby and American football?
在中国它们通通被称为『橄榄球』，但是究竟英式橄榄球RUGBY和美式橄榄球（又称为美式足球）究竟有什么区别呢？
Most people will point out that American football players are covered in armor whereas rugby players simply wear a mouthpiece. Both are full contact sports which require intense ball carrying and tackling but there are many differences that make each sport quite unique.
人们通常都会指出，美式橄榄球运动员通常全副武装，而英式橄榄球运动员仅仅一个牙套就够了。实际上这两项运动都是完全的接触性运动，需要有密集的传球和铲球。但二者又大径不同使得这两项运动都独一无二。
First off, rugby is older and American football evolved from rugby’s core. So basics like tackling and scoring are similar. American football terms such as touchdown and field goal came directly from rugby in the 19th Century.
首先，英式橄榄球历史更源远一些，美式橄榄球后根据英式橄榄球的核心发展而来，所以他们的基本规则和得分是十分相似的。例如美式橄榄球中的触地得分和射门得分则早在十九世纪由英式橄榄球规则当中直接演变而来。
Here are the key differences:
Rugby is played by 15 per side. That’s 30 players on the pitch with only one referee. Players stay on the pitch the entire match playing offense and defense until they are taken out of the game. Once a player is substituted he cannot rejoin the match.
以下是英式和美式之间的关键不同之处：
英式橄榄球每队由15名球员组成，场上一共只有三十名球员和一名裁判。在比赛结束之前，所有的球员都在场上进行防守和进攻，一旦球员被替换下场，他将不能重新参加该场比赛。
Football is 11 per side. Players are specialized and play only certain plays, can come in and out every play.
美式橄榄球每队由11人组成，除了特定的比赛需要，场上可以随时替换或全部的球员。
Rugby players run forward and pass backwards to advance the ball. No blocking or running out of bounds is allowed.
Football players can run forward or pass over the defense to advance the ball. Blocking assists the runner and running out of bounds allows the offense to retain possession of the ball.
英式橄榄球球员通常是向前跑和向身位靠后的球员传球来推进战线，进攻方的其他球员不可以超过持球球员，也不可以冲撞和阻挡不持球的球员或者持球出界。
美式橄榄球的球员则可以向前跑或者通过穿越防守方传球来推进防线，进攻方球员可以帮助持球者冲撞防守方球员为其打开进攻空间，即便持球者跑出界，仍旧保持球权。
Rugby players can kick as an attack and retain possession.
Football players usually kick to surrender possession.
Rugby is nonstop with quick restarts.
Football is full of stoppages, timeouts, and long breaks for quarters and injuries.
英式橄榄球球员可以进攻踢球并保持球权。
而美式通常踢球后需交出球权。
英式橄榄球通常开赛后赛程紧凑，没有计时暂停，而美式则有很多暂停, 超时，或者四分之一赛时后和有受伤时都将暂停比赛计时。
Scoring by touching the ball down in the end zone in rugby is 5 points followed by a 2 point kick.
Scoring by crossing the goal line of the end zone in football is 6 points followed by a 1 point kick.
英式橄榄球的在对方得分区持球触地（达阵）得分5分，达阵后还可以踢射门一次，射中2分。
美式橄榄球可直接带球穿越得分线达阵，达阵得分6分，完成达阵得分后可踢射门得分1分。
A rugby penalty kick is 3 points and a drop goal taken during the play is also 3 points. Any player can kick.
An American football field goal is 3 points and is taken by the kicking specialist who usually does nothing else but this.
英式橄榄球罚踢得3分，或在比赛过程中直接射门同样得3分。场上任何球员都可踢射。但在美式中射门得分同样3分，但不同的说通常都会有特定的踢射球员，而这个人除了射门也只有射门而已。
Rugby tackles turn into rucks and play continues.
Football tackles end the play and everyone has a chance to reset before the next play.
英式橄榄球在比赛过程当中，如果持球者被扑搂（Tackle）摔倒，双方球员上来抢夺地上的球时形成RUCK，比赛继续。而在美式中，持球者被扑搂摔倒后，比赛暂停，而所有人都有机会在比赛继续时重新调整战略甚至是球员。
Rugby offers the defense many chances to win back the ball. After every tackle a ruck is formed where both teams try to force each other backwards to win the ball. Scrums and lineouts restart the match when the a foul has been committed or the ball has gone out of bounds. These both also allow the defense a chance to win the ball back.
英式为防守方提供了很多赢回球权的机会。每次铲球后，两队都试图互相迫使对方后退以赢得球权。当出现犯规或者出界时，Scrum（俗称斗牛）和Lineout（列队争球）是最常见的两种重新回复比赛的形式。这两种方式都让防守方有机会赢回球权。
Play is restarted in American football by snapping the ball to the quarterback. Referees reset the ball after each play.
在美式当中，任何开球都必须首先传给四分卫。每次恢复比赛后由裁判重新设置开球。
Rugby players run around for 80 mins, tackle, kick, pass, and run. This means all sorts of body types are needed- tall skinny players, short round players, light quick players, etc. There is a position for everyone.
Football positions are specialized. A player who catches almost never will be asked to tackle. A passer will never have to kick, etc. There are positions that rarely have to run and most defenders never have to run with the ball, pass, catch, or kick.
在英式橄榄球80分钟左右的比赛中，所有球员都有可能需要完成扑搂，传球，射门，带球等动作，这就意味着无论你的体格如何，高矮胖瘦，英式橄榄球总有一个属于你的位置。
而美式就稍稍有些不同了，基本上来说每个人都有自己特定的位置和任务。例如接球者不会安排扑搂的动作，带球者可能永远不用踢射等等，例如这些特定的位置很少需要奔跑，并且大多数的防守者都不需要有带球跑，传球，接球或者踢射这些动作。
Rugby games are 80 mins long with a short halftime and a running clock.
Football games are 60 mins long with breaks for each quarter. The clock stops for numerous reasons and each team can call time outs.
英式橄榄球大约时长80分钟左右，中场休息非常短暂，而比赛开场后计时不会停止。
美式橄榄球赛时实际只有60分钟，比赛分四个赛节，每四分之一（15分钟）比赛休息一次。但总有诸多原因会暂停比赛计时，因此看球赛的人永远不知道这场比赛会进行多久。
Overall, rugby is for all-around athletes where teamwork and on-field decision making win or lose games.
Football is more of a chess match between two coaches who call plays executed by specialized players good at their positions.
总体来说，英式橄榄球是一个全能运动员的运动项目，团队合作和赛场决策都有可能赢得或输掉比赛。
美式橄榄球相对于来说更像两队教练之间的抉择，他们的球员则像是这场体能国际象棋赛中的棋子，球员的安排甚至决定了比赛的结果。
Come experience rugby in person here in Shenzhen. For more information please subscribe Shenzhen Dragons Rugby Club Wechat.
欢迎大家加入我们体验一下英式橄榄球的魅力吧。有关更多信息请访问深圳龙队英式橄榄球俱乐部或关注我们的微信公众平台。
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